Essay on Realizing Mistakes in James Joyces Araby

Many times in life, people set unrealistic expectations for themselves or for other people. This is not a very wise thing to do because people often feel disappointed and embarrassed for getting their hopes up so high. One good example of this is the narrator in the short story, Araby, by James Joyce. In the story Araby, a young man develops an infatuation with his friend, Magan’s, sister. Because his infatuation is so strong, he fears he will be unable to express his feelings to her, so when she mentions she cannot go to the local bazaar she has wanted to attend, he seizes this as a perfect opportunity and volunteers to buy her a gift. In the characters mind, giving Magan’s sister a gift will help him earn her attention and maybe in the†¦show more content†¦She is almost always present in his thoughts. He states, â€Å"At night in my bed room and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read† (125). The character usuall y begins his day with glimpses of Magan’s sister from across the street. Even though the narrator routinely thinks of her, their first conversation was their encounter about the bazaar. Thinking that buying her a gift would make her notice him is very unrealistic since he rarely talks to her. To volunteer to buy her a gift is an impulsive thought, but it is sincere because it is an attempt to win her attention. He thinks buying a gift would also help him express his feeling toward her. He says,† I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† (125). As the story progresses, the character learns that buying Magan’s sister a gift probably won’t change his relationship with her. When the anticipated day of the bazaar comes, the character’s dad forgets to give him money causing him to arrive late. His high hopes are shot down when, to his disappointment, most of the shops are closed. Wandering aimlessly around the bazaar, the narrator sees a salesgirl playfully flirting with two boys. Watching the salesgirls, he sees that love or affection is just a game to her; he considers if Magan’s sister may be like that. If so, he has notShow MoreRelatedothello Essay956 Words   |  4 Pages The Theme of Quest Explored in â€Å"Araby† and Atonement In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby and Ian McEwan’s Atonement both authors express that that the characters mature and grow through quests. In Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† the boy goes on a quest to the bazaar to meet Managan’s sisters whom he is very interested in. However, because he is a young boy and does not leave his much, and has no source of income there are limitations on his freedom, which ultimately affect his quest. In McEwan’s Atonement Briony goesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyces The Dead And Araby1651 Words   |  7 Pagesboy encounter. Jame Joyce’s works portray his characters to display both inner struggles and difficulty being socially accepted. During the party, Gabriel is anxious and nervous because he wants to uphold this reputation of a confident man. Therefore, he creates a script allowing him to have a sense control and comfort which he lacks. In Contrast, the little boy perceives himself to be self-assured and sociable w hen in reality these ideas are inflicted by his imagination. James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead† andRead MoreEssay on Male and Female Paralysis in James Joyces Dubliners3585 Words   |  15 PagesMale and Female Paralysis in Dubliners Critics widely recognized that each story within James Joyce’s Dubliners contains a theme of paralysis. In fact, Joyce himself wrote, â€Å"My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis† (Joyce, letter to Grant Richards, 5 May 1906). Contained in this moral history called Dubliners are twelve stories that deal with the paralysis of a central male

Sexual Selection of African Cichlids Free Essays

Sexual selection: it is part of natural selection. Sexual selection acts on an organism’s ability to obtain or successfully couple with a mate. Selection makes many organisms go to extreme lengths in order to find a mate such as: peacocks need to develop a beautiful tail, elephant seals fight over territories†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Selection of African Cichlids or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sexual selection is often powerful enough to produce features that are harmful to the individual’s survival. For example, extravagant and colorful tail feathers or fins are likely to attract predators as well as interested members of the opposite sex. In nature females always invest more energy into producing offspring than males invest, and as a result in most species females are a limiting resource that male have to compete for. In most cases it is the females who have a relatively larger investment in producing each offspring and in contrast sperm are cheaper than eggs. There is such a large production of sperm that a single male can easily fertilize all of female’s eggs. So clearly female will not produce more offspring by mating with more than one male since her eggs are the limiting factor where in contrast a male is capable of fathering more offspring if he mates with several females. Generally, a male’s potential reproductive success is limited by the number of females he mates with, whereas a female’s potential reproductive success is limited by how many eggs she can produce. This results in sexual selection, in which males compete with each other, and females become choosy in which males to mate with. As a result of being heterogamy, males are fundamentally less likely to stick to one female, and females are fundamentally selective when it comes down to selecting a mate. Sexual selection takes two major forms one is called intersexual selection and one is called intrasexual selection. intersexal selection is simply males competing with each other to be chosen by females. Intrasexual selection means that members of the less limited sex which are always males compete aggressively among themselves for access to the limiting sex the female. The limiting sex is the sex which has the higher parental investment, which therefore faces the most pressure to make a good mate decision. In his essay Emlen comes up with few hypotheses as to why or how natural selection may have shaped patterns of horn evolution in such a way as to generate divergence in horn morphology, change from one type to another. First we need to understand the benefit of having a particular horn type and how they’re used. One thing he presents is that eetles live underground, in the same cylindrical tunnel no matter if it’s in the hot desserts or tropical area, but male have to keep the tunnels defended against other males trying to invade it therefore horns have defensive and weaponry use. Next important idea that is brought up in his essay is the cost of having certain horns. At this point we don’t care about the benefit or function of the horns, the only thing matters is its trade-offs. The main reason for that is the growth and siz e of beetle horn can stunt the relative size of other morphological structures such as antenna, wings, and eyes. The first identified trade off was that males who possessed long horns also had small eyes. Based on his research he found a correlation between where the horn is located and the adjacent structure to it. After breeding beetles for multiple generations he realized that horns that grow on the center or front of the head affect the size of the antenna, horns that grow on the thorax affect the size of the wing, and finally horns that grow on the base of the head affect the eyes. How to cite Sexual Selection of African Cichlids, Papers

The 1977 Occupation of Bastion Point- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the 1977 Occupation of Bastion Point. Answer: A Brief Description of the Key Issues The occupation of the Bastion Point by the Whatua people and subsequent confiscation by the New Zealand government marked the long land protests by its occupants (Harris, 2004: New Zealand History, 2016). The Bastion Point (commonly known as Takaparawhau in M?ori) is a coastal piece of land that is closer to the Waitemata Harbour. Due to the land proximity to the harbor, the New Zealand government took over its ownership by setting a defense base against the Russian army (Waitangi Tribunal, 2016). Between the 1940s and 1950s, the land was primarily used for public works and developments. In fact, in 1941 the land was allocated to the Auckland city council. Nonetheless, the major issue about the land occurred in 1967 when the government decided to sell the Bastion Point to the highest corporate bidder for development (Harris, 2004). The government, however, offered to return a portion of the land to the Maori people but the Maoris wanted the entire land given back to them. Consequentl y, activists Piriniha Reweti and Joe Hawke and other Maori people formed the Orakei M?ori Action Committee (OMAC), a movement that pushed for the reinstatement (Hawke, 1998). Later, a group of Maori was opposed to the return of the land's portion while another group agreed to the decision. The movement and the different views of the Maori people met numerous challenges. Primarily, this paper assesses the concerns, motivations, challenges and the consequences of the challenges that the Maori community faced in the struggle towards regaining their land. The Primary Concerns and Motivations of the Protesting Group Despite the Maori agreement to offer their land to the government for public use, mainly for the area defense purposes, the land was not returned to the Maori owners long after the government was done with her mission (Hawke, 1998). Instead, there was the proposal to transform the Bastion Point into a robust economic base by selling the land to the investors. The Maori Affairs Amendment Act of 1967 was perceived by the Maori as a conspiracy to grab the land from them. The implementation of the Act fueled protests among the Maori people (Moule, 2013). The Bastion point was the ancestral land to the Ngati Whatua. However, the passing of the Treaty of Waitangi, first signed in 1840, by some of the Maori chiefs and the British Crown representatives was one of the major concerns of the Maori people (Hill, 2010). Additionally, the Maori was split upon the government's announcement that it would refund some land to the owners. Consequently, activist Hawke and his followers adopted a nonviolent action while the other led by Reweti chose to compromise. The former was concerned about the houses on the land confiscated and that which the government claimed to own. For this reason, in 1977 the Orakei M?ori Action Committee arranged for the land occupation to prevent the grabbing of the Bastion Point. Unfortunately, a meeting that was scheduled to take place on 15th January 1977 was met with division among the Orakei M?ori Action Committee. While the elders complied with the government's offer that did not satisfy the needs of the Ngati Whatu a, the young of the Bastion Point were opposed to the idea. Therefore, the Reweti's group wanted their ten acres while the action group wanted to have control over the marae (the sacred place that served the societal needs) as well as the under-developed government lands. Following the dispute, the Action Group was adamant and driven by motivation. They, therefore, presented 243 signatures that supported the control of the marae shrine and reinstatement of the British Crown lands, 4800 signatures pushing for the return of the Bastion Point or make it remain in Auckland, and some 59 signatures supporting the actions of the Orakei M?ori Action Committee. The Protestors' Challenges The protestors faced some challenges throughout their fight for the Bastion Point. Firstly, the break up between the Maori people and the Orakei M?ori Action Committee was a major setback (Morrison, 1999). The protestors and those who chose to compromise (Reweti moderates) had varying views. For this reason, each group was weakened, a factor that gave the government power over the protestors. Additionally, the Orakei M?ori Action Committee group was powerless, and this almost led to the total disintegration of the group. Nonetheless, the OMAC became stronger following the rejoinder of hundreds of the Maori people (Morrison, 1999). Their 507 occupancy of the Bastion Point abruptly came to an end in 1978 (Mita, Narbey Pohlmann, 1980). According to Mita and the colleagues, the New Zealand government deployed a total of 800 soldiers and police officers who forcefully evacuated the Maori people from the Bastion point. Moreover, they destroyed the peoples' farms, meeting houses and the bu ildings and also arrested 222 protestors. Even more alarming to the Ngati Whatua was the construction of the sewer within the village and that which disposed of the waste into the sea. The Ngati Whatua people were denied connection to the sewer and were no also allowed to improve their housing (Moule, 2013). In other words, it means that the Ngati Whatuas also faced economic challenges and their well-being undermined. Another major setback was the government's failure to honor the people's petitions. Upon the submission of their three petitions, the government promised the Action group that she would return the land but in phases (Waitangi Tribunal Division, 1990). Nonetheless, the government crafted some poor bills that were not implemented whatsoever. Again, the dishonoring of the bills aggravated the differences between the Ngati Whatua iwi groups. However, 1975 was again met with another protest led by Whina Cooper took place. Whina led a match (hikoi) that took a month. It proceeded from Te Hapua in the far north. The climax of it saw the Iwi Maori people assemble in the front of the Wellington government premises. The match received a lot of publicity, and there were more protests against the government. Other protestors whose land had also been confiscated by the government joined the match. Unfortunately, the government retaliation was one that left the protestors with injuries and arrests . In general, the Ngati Whatua residents were unyielding to the New Zealand government decision to deny them the rights to their land (Morrison, 1999). The government, on the other hand, was also unwilling to let it go so easily. Consequently, it used incentives to the Bastion Point owners to allow the government have dominion over the land. However, some of the group especially the Maori elders and the Reweti moderates were quick to give in the offers while the Action group was against the proposal. In this case, therefore, there was weakened ally of the Whatua. Considerably, the different views and ensuing breakup of the group is what led the government's to have power over them at some point. It is thus evident that the Ngati Whatua people faced untold challenges in their struggle for the return of their land. The Consequences of the Protests One would argue that the implications of the protesting were twofold (.Te Ara, 2016) That is, they were both positive and negative. The latter involved forceful eviction of the Ngati Whatua from their land, loss of property, police and army brutality, the breaking up of the once strong and resilient Maori group, and the government's failure to fulfill promises. The Ngati Whatua was highly concerned about their ancestral land, the sacred places of the Bastion Point as well as their culture (Morrison, 2013). Their land, argues Te Ara (2016) gave them identity and sense of belonging. Thus, any decision to deprive them of their land meant the loss of identity. On the contrary, the Ngati Whatua people, through unbound protests and petitions successfully regained their land and identity (Williams, 2009). This was one of the major positive consequences of their protests. The Takaparawha was a significant ground to the Ngati Whatua people according to Morrison, (2013). The retention of the ground meant an important struggle that the Bastion Point dwellers faced (Barlow, 2012). Its loss, however, was equivalent to a death blow to the dignity and honor of the Ngati Whatua people. The Bastion Point turning point according to Barlow (2012) finally came in the 1980's when the New Zealand government apologized to the Ngati Whatua people. The 1987 report of the Waitangi Tribunal passed the return of the Bastion Point and the Okahu Park to the Ngati Whatua people (Department of Justice, 1990). The tribunal proposed the use of the land as public domain (Kawharu, 1989).According to Kawharu (1989) the sacred place, marae, urupa and the Okahu church were also returned. Additionally, the government also gave a $ 3 million compensation that was to be used for establishing the economy of the Ngati Whatua people (Williams, 2009). In conclusion, it inarguable that the struggle over the Bastion Point by the Ngati Whatua people has a long history. It marked the most significant struggle over land in the history of the New Zeland. It is also evident that the Ngati Whatua people were met with numerous challenges in their journey towards regaining their land. However, the desire to regain their identity and re-establish themselves precipitated their resilience. Moreover, their struggle came to fruition when the New Zealand government through the tribunal ordered the return of the land to its owners. References Barlow, J. (2012, January 5). Today is the day Protest a turning point for Maori. Wellington, New Zealand: Dominion Post. Department of Justice (Waitangi Tribunal Division). (1990). Orakei, Bastion Point: Case study of a claim to the Waitangi Tribunal. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Justice. Harris, A. (2004). H?koi: Forty years of M?ori protest. Huia Publishers. Hawke, S. (1998). Takaparawhau: The people's story - 1998 Bastion Point 20 year commemoration book. Orakei, New Zealand: Moko Productions. Hill, R. (2010). Maori and the State: CrownMaori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950 2000. Victoria University Press. Kawharu, I. H. (1989) (Ed.). Mana and the crown: A marae at Orakei. In Waitangi: Maori andPakeha perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi (pp. 211-233). Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press. Mita, M., Narbey, L., Pohlmann, G. (1980). Bastion Point, day 507 [Documentary]. Auckland,New Zealand: Pohlmann Production. Morrison, B. (1999). Bastion Point: The untold story [Documentary]. Auckland, New Zealand: William Grieve Sharon Hawke. Morrison, R. (2013). Bastion Point/Takaparawhau: A decade of days Auckland through Robin Morrisons eyes. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland War Memorial Museum. Moule, S., (2013). M?ori land protests: Hikoi and Bastion Point [video recording]. Bendigo, Victoria: Video Education Australasia. New Zealand Herald. (2008, June 27). After Bastion Point: Tribe wants solid economic base. New Zealand Herald, n.p. New Zealand History. (2016). Bastion Point. Accessed on August 25th 2017, from https://www.nzhistory.net.nz/keyword/bastion-point Te Ara. (2016). Bastion Point protest. Accessed on August 25th 2017, from https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/video/16199/bastion-point-protest Waitangi Tribunal. (2016). The loss of the Orakei block. Accessed on August 25th 2017, from https://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/waitangi-tribunal/resources/teaching-aids/resource- kits/orakei/the-loss-of-the-orakei-block Williams, D. V. (2009). Seeking justice for the historical claims of indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand. Marginalized Communities and Access to Justice, 109.